ПРОБЛЕМА СТАРЕНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В РОССИИ И В МИРЕ

Abstract:
The objective of the article is to assess the population aging processes in the regions of the world and in Russia, as well as to identify areas for solving the problem of population aging. The authors constructed a demographic profile of the regions of the world economy and identified groups of countries (clusters) at different stages of the population aging process. Russia belongs to the cluster where the processes of population aging are expressed to the greatest extent, occupying an intermediate position among the countries of this cluster. Two main aspects of solving the problem of population aging are measures to stimulate the birth rate in modern conditions, when children are increasingly turning from a private into a public good, as well as the transformation of state economic policy, primarily the reform of the pension system and labor relations. It is proposed to use such tools as «partial pension» for pre-retirement people working part-time, quotas at enterprises for the employment of persons over 50 years of age; the obligation of the state, represented by employment centers, to find work for pre-retirement people, protection from dismissal of persons over 50 years of age with minor children or children — full-time students; Transforming working conditions and workplaces to accommodate older workers. To increase the birth rate, in addition to direct child support payments and tax breaks, it is important to create a child-centered culture and strive to enhance the status of parents in society. Further differentiation of the retirement age based on the number of children raised appears appropriate.