ПРАКТИКА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ САНКЦИЙ И ИХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВЕНЕСУЭЛЫ, КУБЫ И НИКАРАГУА

Abstract:
This research article examines the interactions between Venezuela, Cuba, and Nicaragua and the United States under sanctions policy from 2017 to 2026. The paper analyzes the mechanisms of sanctions impact (sectoral pressure through dollar infrastructure and excessive compliance) and conducts a comparative analysis of three country cases using a single analytical framework: economic damage, political outcome, and adaptation mechanisms. Based on this analysis, conclusions are drawn about the systemic nature of the gap between the economic and political effectiveness of sanctions. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the impact of US sanctions on the economic and political development of Latin American countries using Venezuela, Cuba, and Nicaragua as examples. The authors’ scientific novelty lies in their systematization of the instruments used by the US to implement sanctions against Latin American countries. The main framework for the study was chosen to be the period 2017–2026, from the systemic escalation of sanctions under D. Trump to Operation Absolute Resolve in January 2026. The results of the study can be used for making economic and political decisions, as well as for studying the features of regional cooperation.