ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ РЫНКА ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОГО ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ В СФЕРЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СУВЕРЕНИТЕТА: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РОССИЙСКОЙ И КИТАЙСКОЙ МОДЕЛЕЙ СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛИ

Abstract:
The article provides a comparative analysis of the Russian and Chinese models of state stimulation of domestic information-security (IS) software in the context of technological sovereignty. The subject of the study is the instruments and mechanisms of industry support; the object is the process of forming the market of domestic information-protection tools. Drawing on regulatory acts, industry analytics and corporate reporting, the study shows that both countries pursue a state-centred model, yet differ in the type of driver, the depth of the technology stack and the pace of adoption. The Russian model is predominantly regulatory, with a high pace of implementation, and relies on the register of domestic software, the IT tax manoeuvre and the grant mechanisms of industrial competence centres. The Chinese model (the Xinchuang programme) is characterised by long-term programme planning, coverage of the full technology stack (processors and operating systems) and a gradual horizon of substitution in the public sector by 2027. Lessons are formulated for Russian industrial policy: linking software sovereignty with hardware sovereignty, supporting competition within the register, and stimulating the export orientation of the industry.