ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МИКРОПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В ЭКОНОМИКЕ ДАННЫХ

Abstract:
Traditional approaches to business analysis leave microenterprises in the shadow of large and small businesses, and classical classifications of business models do not take into account the transformation of data into a strategic resource. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the development of the data economy requires a revision of the status of microenterprises and the creation of new analytical tools. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the identification of microenterprise as an independent form of entrepreneurship in the data economy, to trace the evolution of its business models and to develop their classification on the basis of «the role of data in value creation». Based on the theories of entrepreneurship (R. Cantillon, J.-B. Say, J. Schumpeter, P. Drucker), the theory of factors of production and the concept of digital rent, a periodization of the development of the digital economy (digitalization – digital transformation – data economy) is proposed. The author highlights the qualitative differences between microenterprises and small businesses that determine their independence: scale, resource base, organizational forms, and social function. The result of the research is the author’s classification of business models, which includes three types: with data as an auxiliary resource, as an operational driver and as a product. Based on empirical data on platform employment (FTS, Data Insight), the allocation of a «hybrid core» of microenterprises (sellers on marketplaces, freelancers, aggregator drivers, landlords of sharing platforms) is justified. The practical significance of the research results lies in creating an analytical framework for assessing the digital maturity of microbusiness and designing government support measures that take into account the degree of integration into the data economy.