ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ БАРЬЕРЫ ОСВОЕНИЯ КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНОГО ШЕЛЬФА РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННЫХ ОГРАНИЧЕНИЙ

Abstract:
The purpose of the study is to analyze the barriers hindering the development of oil and gas fields on the continental shelf of the Russian Federation, as well as to develop recommendations for ensuring the sustainable development of offshore production in the face of sanctions restrictions and the achievement of technological sovereignty. The theoretical basis is based on the provisions of the company’s resource theory and the concept of transaction costs, and the empirical base is based on an analysis of the design documentation of marine projects, data from the Fuel and Energy Complex Data Center and news sources. As a result of the study, it was found that the share of imported equipment in the development of offshore fields reaches 80-95%, which is significantly more than 20% onshore. The sanctions restrictions have led to a shortage of specialized marine fleet and increased logistics time for critical components from 1.5 to 15 months. The effect of a negative scale has been confirmed: the dependence of capital expenditures on the volume of reserves is exponential. The study complements the understanding of the economics of offshore projects, justifying the lack of economies of scale in offshore oil and gas production. The practical significance lies in substantiating the need for a paradigm shift: from total import substitution to selective technological leadership in critical areas (underwater mining complexes, ice–resistant platforms, LNG equipment). The proposed ideas of public-private partnership and project-oriented fiscal regulation create the basis for turning the development of the shelf from a resource task into a national project of technological transformation of the oil and gas complex.